莫斯科市立芭蕾舞團

基本資料

柴可夫斯基在他生當中總共寫了三首舞劇音樂──「天鵝湖」、「睡美人」及「胡桃鉗」被譽為今世三大舞劇， 而這三首樂曲也經常被全由演奏，是家喻戶曉、極受人喜愛的作品。其中尤以「天鵝湖」上演的次數最多，也是柴可夫斯基最著名的作品之一。 一八七五年三十五歲的柴可夫斯基受波修瓦劇院委託， 為其創作新的舞劇。當時他的腦海立即浮現「天鵝湖」這個故事，因為在四年前， 他已將幼年時期閱讀過的德國童話「天鵝與王子」編成舞劇。於是他利用這個機會將舞劇重新整理並略加以修改。 柴可夫斯基傾注全力所做的第一部舞劇，在八七七年首次演出時， 卻未獲好評，一方面因為音樂超越時代，觀眾對新的藝術的了解的程度不調，然而最大原因在於編舞家雷辛吉及主演的伶娜卡帕可娃未能掌握全劇精髓，而使偶整個劇情黯然無光。後來在一八八0年及八八二年兩度上演，但未獲成功。 柴可夫斯基於一八九三年去世， 享年五十三歲。一八九四年二月聖彼得堡芭蕾為了紀念這位音樂大師，搬演了由伯帝帕及伊凡諾夫所改編的第二幕。結果大獲成功，因而激發了改編整劇的動機。帝國劇院特邀柴可夫斯基的兄弟瑪帝斯特與編舞家伯帝帕、伊凡諾夫，芭蕾指揮德里哥合作，將「天鵝湖」的劇本及曲子加以修飾、整編。修訂後的「天鵝湖」在一八九五年一月廿七日於馬林斯基劇院首演。自此，終於成為不朽的名劇，然而很遺憾的，柴可夫斯基未能在其有生之年看到該劇的成功。 「天鵲湖」無論從音樂或是從揖蹈來看，都可以稱得上是古典巨富中最受歡迎的一齣種劇，不僅受觀眾的熱烈喜愛，也是芭蕾伶娜最樂於表演的領直到。大凡偉大的芭蕾玲娜都曾成功地表演過「天鵝湖」。而一個初上舞台的女舞星，如果能成功地演出「天鵝湖」便能一舉成名，成為令人崇敬的芭蕾舞后。 「天鵝湖」描敘幸福及愛對抗邪惡的勢力，全劇充滿了柔美的話惰，融合著精采的戲劇。主角是天鵝公王奧黛特，角色本身呈示的主題充滿了變化:由激情、悲劇最終至愛情的勝利，這些是經常出現在柴可夫斯基作品的主題，也是使「天鵝湖」成為不朽名劇的原因之一。

Four Acts Music:P. I. Tchaikovsky Libretto:V. Begitchev, V. Gelzer Choreography: L. Ivanov, M. Petipa, A. Vaganova, Y. Grigorovich N. Ryzhenko, V. Smirnov-Golovanov Premiere:February 20, 1877/ Bolshoi Theatre, Moscow In 1875, Tchaikovsky was approached by the directorate of the Moscow Ballet with a commission for a score for SWAN LAKE. Tchaikovsky was, at this time, already acknowledged as a composer of genius, but this fact did not guarantee any success for his score when it .finally reached the stage of the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow in 1877. The Moscow company was not a strong one; the choreographer was/ the indifferently talented Austrian, Wenzel Reisinger; the ballerina, Karpakova, was undistinguished. This first . SWAN LAKE was a failure, and two subsequent productions in Moscow in 1880 and 1882 knew little more success. It was the Petersburg Ballet which brought about the change in thescore's fortunes. After the stagings of Tchaikovsky's THE SLEEPING BEAUTY and THE NUTCRACKER at the Mariinsky (now Kirov) Theatre in 1890 and 1892, interest was renewed in the score of SWAN LAKE. It was, however, the composer's death in October 1893 which. was to precipitate a first Petersburg production when, for a memorial concert in February 1894, the second act of the ballet was staged in choreography by Lev Ivanov, the second ballet-master. Before the ballet was presented in its entirety, extensive alterations of the 1877 score and libretto were undertaken. Modeste Tchaikovsky, the composer's brother, revised the scenario; Riccardo Drigo, conductor to the ballet, edited the musical text which was to be the basis of the fullscale staging by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov in January 1895. This production launched SWAN LAKE upon that path which has made it the most popular and bestloved of the great classics produced or preserved by the Petersburg Ballet. Inevitably as the years passed, the staging was revised. In SWAN LAKE a gentle lyricism prevails, blending with moments Of great drama.The central character, the Swan Princess Odette, has her own le it-motif which goes throughout the ballet; it appears variously transformed in scenes of passion, of tragedy and finally, of love triumphant. ACT ONE THE PALACE COURTYARD- LATE AFTERNOON It is Prince Siegfried's 21st birthday. Young people have gathered to celebrate the occassion, including the Prince's friend Benno, and Wolfgan, his old tutor.The festivities are spirited, and there is much dancing and games. In the midst of the activity,the Prince's mother Tsevirra to remind her son that his coming of age is a serious affair -- it is time for him to marry. A ball has been arranged for the following evening, and there, from a group of prospective fiancees, he is to choose a bride. Siegfried is disconsolate at the thought of his carefree youth slipping away, he has no desire to marry. The day draws to a close and, in an attempt to cheer his friend, Benno points to a flock of wild swans in flight and suggest a hunting expedition. Deciding that the night is still to be enjoyed, Siegfried orders pursuit. ACT TWO BY THE LAKE -- EVENING The hunting-party follows the swans through woods, reaching a clearing where the swans have settled on a nearby lake. Siefgried's attention is suddenly attracted by a beautiful white swan who is transformed into a lovely young maiden. She is Odette,Princess of the Swans. The evil sorcerer, Von Rothbart, holds her under his spell--by day she and her friends are swans, and swans they must remain, tpecxe between midnight and dawn when they may resume their human form. Only the pure love of a young man can remove the curse. Astonished by her beauty, and full of love for Odette, Siegfried's love will destroy his power-Von Rothbart suddenly appears in the form of an owl, beckoning menacingly to Odette. As dawn breaks, the lovers bid farewell-Odette returns to the lake, resuming her guise as a swan, and Von Rothbart plots to make the Prince break his vow. ACT THREE THE CASTLE BALLROOM-THE FOLLOWING EVENING The entire court is assembled for Siegfried's betrothal ball, the invited princesses and their families eagerly awaiting the decision of the Prince. The Prince's mother indicates he is to choose a bride ,from the maidens present, but none please him. The young Prince's mind is still filled with Images of the beautiful Odette. Mindful of his vow of fidelity, he pays little attention to the eligible young women with whom he is presented. Suddenly, a fanfare announces the arrival of two new guests. It is Von Rothbart, disguised as a nobleman, and his daughter Odile. The Prince stands transfixed by her likeness to Odette and, overwhelmed by the unexpected appearance of his true love, he asks her to dance. Odile so bewitches the Prince that he asks for her hand in marriage. Convinced that he is with his beloved Odette, he declares his fidelity in front of all present. Triumphantly, Von Rothbart and Odile reveal themselves. The Prince realises too late, he is a victim of their cruel treachery. Odette has been betrayed and now can never be released .from her enchantment. In despair, the Prince runs to the lake to search for Odette. ACT FOUR THE LAKE- LATER THAT EVENING The swan-maidens are anxiously awaiting Odette's return. Odette runs in and tells them in anguish about Siegfried's treachery. The evil magician has triumphed and there is no salvation for the swan-maidens now. A storm springs up on the lake. The Prince comes running to the lakeside and begs Odette to forgive him, but Odette is destined to die. The Prince fights with Von Rothbart; in his last effort the magician destroys the Prince and Odette and then dies himself. The swan-maidens are thus freed from his evil spell and the souls of Siegfried and Odette are united in eternal happiness.

開場白 在森林禮
第一幕 宮殿中庭-午後
第二幕 湖畔-夜晚
第三幕 城堡中的舞會-次日晚上
第四復 湖畔-深夜

ACT ONE THE PALACE COURTYARD-LATE AFTERNOON
ACT TWO BY THE LAKE-EVENING
ACT THREE THE CASTLE BALLROOM-THE FOLLOWING EVENING
ACT FOUR THE LAKE-LATER THAT EVENING

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